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power analysis sample size (pass) software version 11  (ncss llc)

 
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    ncss llc power analysis sample size (pass) software version 11
    Power Analysis Sample Size (Pass) Software Version 11, supplied by ncss llc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/pass+11+software+(power+analysis+and+sample+size)/power+analysis+and+sample+size+software/pmc11744209-99-21-27
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    power analysis sample size (pass) software version 11 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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    Article Title: Time to Change Our Viewpoints to Assess Renal Risks in Patients with Solitary Kidneys beyond Traditional Approaches?
    Article Snippet: For G Power analysis, the sample size was calculated using PASS software 11.0 (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, UT, USA).

    Article Title: High frequency and duration of social media exposure during the COVID- 19 pandemic are associated with mental health problems among employees at an Egyptian university
    Article Snippet: The sample size was calculated using PASS 11.0 (Power Analysis and Sample Size Software, NCSS, LLC, Kaysville, UT, USA) and based on a study carried out by Bendau et al . (2020) [ ] who mentioned that the duration of media usage had a significant positive correlation with the depression score as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire- 9 (PHQ- 9) ( r = 0.19; p < 0.001) and anxiety score as measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder- 7 (GAD- 7) ( r = 0.20; p < 0.001).

    Article Title: The Relationship Between Preparedness for Caregiving and Spiritual Well-Being in the Carers of Stroke Patients: A Case Study in Türkiye
    Article Snippet: The sample size required to conduct the study was calculated with the PASS (Power Analysis and Sample Size) 11 Statistical Analysis Software (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah, USA).

    Article Title: High frequency and duration of social media exposure during the COVID- 19 pandemic are associated with mental health problems among employees at an Egyptian university.
    Article Snippet: The sample size was calculated using PASS 11.0 (Power Analysis and Sample Size Software, NCSS, LLC, Kaysville, UT, USA) and based on a study carried out by Bendau et al. (2020) [6] who mentioned that the duration of media usage had a significant positive correlation with the depression score as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire- 9 (PHQ- 9) (r = 0.19; p < 0.001) and anxiety score as measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder- 7 (GAD- 7) (r = 0.20; p < 0.001).

    Article Title: Musculoskeletal system symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and the impact of these symptoms on quality of life
    Article Snippet: Power analysis and sample size calculation were carried out using PASS 11.0 (Power Analysis and Sample Size Software, NCSS LLC, Kaysville, UT, USA).

    Software:

    Article Title: Improving diagnostic efficacy of primary prostate cancer with combined 99m Tc-PSMA SPECT/CT and multiparametric-MRI and quantitative parameters
    Article Snippet: .. PASS 11 software (Power Analysis and Sample Size, NCSS, LLC) was used to estimate the required sample size. ..

    Article Title: The effect of visual and/or auditory distraction techniques on children's pain, anxiety and medical fear in invasive procedures: A randomized controlled trial.
    Article Snippet: Article history: Received 17 April 2023 Revised 5 July 2023 Accepted 5 July 2023 Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effects of visual and/or auditory distraction techniques applied to children aged 7–12 during invasive procedures on pain, anxiety, and medical fear.. Methods: This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was carried out in the pediatric emergency department of a public hospital between November 2021 andMarch 2022.. In the study, 144 children were assigned to three different intervention groups, in which a kaleidoscope, music, and virtual reality were applied during invasive procedures, and the control group in which the standard invasive procedure was applied, by using the stratified block randomization method.

    Article Title: What Benefits Might a Family Expect From Using Spiritual Coping Mechanisms When Providing Care for People With Schizophrenia? Literature Review
    Article Snippet: 8 , The mediating effect of family function and medication adherence between symptoms and mental disability among Chinese patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study ( ) , Design : A cross-sectional naturalistic design Subjects: The population of people with schizophrenia is 562 samples of patients schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) diagnosed with schizophrenia based on (ICD-10); (2) aged between 18 and 60 years; (3) suffered schizophrenia based on an assessment using the Assessment Schedule Disabilities World Health Organization II (WHO-DAS II); (4) those who are recovering based on the routine clinical assessment of a psychiatrist; and (5) patients who voluntarily participated in the study. Patients were excluded if they had other mental illnesses A sample of 499 schizophrenic patients. Sample size: 562 patients with schizophrenia Sampling technique: a cross-sectional naturalistic design Variables: Psychotic symptoms, family function, medication adherence, and disability. Instruments : General Information Data (demographic and clinical information, namely, age, gender, educational status, income status, status marital status, employment status, age of onset, number of previous hospitalizations, psychotic symptoms). PANSS (to assess the patient's positive and negative symptoms, as well as general aspects), WHO-DAS II (to assess disability over a 30-day period), Family APGAR Index (APGAR) (to assess family functioning), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) (to assess patient compliance) Analysis: Descriptive analysis (to draw descriptive data and clinical data), maximum-likelihood, Pearson's correlations, Structural equation modeling, Bootstrapping method , This study illustrates that family function has a positive correlation with medication adherence in patients with mental disorders. The results of the analysis show that the mediating effect of family function and significant medication adherence (Z = 0.314, CI = 0.180–0.598); and direct effect also significant (Z = 2.375, CI = 0.042−0.440). .. 10 , The effect of a brief cognitive behavioural stress management programme on mental status, coping with stress attitude and caregiver burden while caring for schizophrenic patients ( ) , Design: Pretest/post-test control group model Subjects: Population: Family members who care for people with schizophrenia from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2013 Samples of family members who care for people with schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) are over 18 years old; (2) live in the city center; (3) can communicate and cooperative; (4) does not have a disease disorder that can disqualify participation in the study (5) at least takes care of the patient for 3 months; (6) is directly responsible for caring for the patient; (7) is not currently caring for a sick family member other than the patient; (8) agrees to participate; (9) recorded in community health administration; Sampling technique: Sample size was calculated based on PASS (Power Analysis and Sample Size) 11 Statistical Software (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah, USA) using margin of error = 5%, confidence level = 95% and response distribution = 50%, and based on the calculations and found to be 40 respondents from each group (total 80) Variables : Stress, coping, and family burden Instruments: Demographic data (age, gender, marital status, number of children, educational status, length of care, period of illness, frequency of hospitalization), Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale to measure difficult experiences of care givers, Scale of Evaluation of Coping Attitude (COPE) to evaluate the coping used by caregivers when dealing with stress, General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ), Stress Self-Assessment Checklist (SIS) to measure a person's stress indicators Analysis: Chi-square tests to compare characteristics respondents in the control group, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t-test, and paired t-test , It was found that BCBSMP is effective in reducing signs and symptoms stress that arises in the caregiver, as well as being able to identify situations that can cause stress, help change the mind negative with one other thing that is positive, time management, improve problem solving (coping) and assertive skills and reduce emotional cognitive and stress symptoms that appear. With the results of the analysis, there is a statistically significant decrease in ZCBS the study group scores were compared with the control group ( P = .006) Before the program, the caregivers’ GHQ scores in the control and study groups were not statistically different. After the program, GHQ scores decreased significantly in the study group compared to control group, and the difference between the mean scores was statistically significant ( P < .001). .. 11 , Coping strategies of caregivers towards aggressive behaviors of persons with severe mental illness ( ) , Desaign: Non experimental descriptive cross-sectional study Subjects: Population: Patients and caregivers for patients with mental disorders; Samples of patients and caregivers for patients with mental disorders according to the inclusion criteria (1) aged 18 years and over; (2) able to read in Malay and exclusion (1) caregiver with a substance use disorder and known to have a physical illness Chronic or psychiatric illness; Sampling technique consecutive sampling; Sample size 270 patients and caregivers Variables: Aggressive behavior and coping strategies Instrument: Modified overt aggression scale (MOAS) to measure aggressive behavior in patients, Revised Ways of Coping scale to assess the coping used Analysis: Pearson correlation was used to test the relationship between aggressive behavior and the coping used , The results of this study indicate that adaptive coping strategies widely used is planned problem solving, seeking support social with a percentage of 40% each and only 4.4% caregiver who use avoidance coping strategies.

    Control:

    Article Title: What Benefits Might a Family Expect From Using Spiritual Coping Mechanisms When Providing Care for People With Schizophrenia? Literature Review
    Article Snippet: 8 , The mediating effect of family function and medication adherence between symptoms and mental disability among Chinese patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study ( ) , Design : A cross-sectional naturalistic design Subjects: The population of people with schizophrenia is 562 samples of patients schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) diagnosed with schizophrenia based on (ICD-10); (2) aged between 18 and 60 years; (3) suffered schizophrenia based on an assessment using the Assessment Schedule Disabilities World Health Organization II (WHO-DAS II); (4) those who are recovering based on the routine clinical assessment of a psychiatrist; and (5) patients who voluntarily participated in the study. Patients were excluded if they had other mental illnesses A sample of 499 schizophrenic patients. Sample size: 562 patients with schizophrenia Sampling technique: a cross-sectional naturalistic design Variables: Psychotic symptoms, family function, medication adherence, and disability. Instruments : General Information Data (demographic and clinical information, namely, age, gender, educational status, income status, status marital status, employment status, age of onset, number of previous hospitalizations, psychotic symptoms). PANSS (to assess the patient's positive and negative symptoms, as well as general aspects), WHO-DAS II (to assess disability over a 30-day period), Family APGAR Index (APGAR) (to assess family functioning), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) (to assess patient compliance) Analysis: Descriptive analysis (to draw descriptive data and clinical data), maximum-likelihood, Pearson's correlations, Structural equation modeling, Bootstrapping method , This study illustrates that family function has a positive correlation with medication adherence in patients with mental disorders. The results of the analysis show that the mediating effect of family function and significant medication adherence (Z = 0.314, CI = 0.180–0.598); and direct effect also significant (Z = 2.375, CI = 0.042−0.440). .. 10 , The effect of a brief cognitive behavioural stress management programme on mental status, coping with stress attitude and caregiver burden while caring for schizophrenic patients ( ) , Design: Pretest/post-test control group model Subjects: Population: Family members who care for people with schizophrenia from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2013 Samples of family members who care for people with schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) are over 18 years old; (2) live in the city center; (3) can communicate and cooperative; (4) does not have a disease disorder that can disqualify participation in the study (5) at least takes care of the patient for 3 months; (6) is directly responsible for caring for the patient; (7) is not currently caring for a sick family member other than the patient; (8) agrees to participate; (9) recorded in community health administration; Sampling technique: Sample size was calculated based on PASS (Power Analysis and Sample Size) 11 Statistical Software (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah, USA) using margin of error = 5%, confidence level = 95% and response distribution = 50%, and based on the calculations and found to be 40 respondents from each group (total 80) Variables : Stress, coping, and family burden Instruments: Demographic data (age, gender, marital status, number of children, educational status, length of care, period of illness, frequency of hospitalization), Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale to measure difficult experiences of care givers, Scale of Evaluation of Coping Attitude (COPE) to evaluate the coping used by caregivers when dealing with stress, General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ), Stress Self-Assessment Checklist (SIS) to measure a person's stress indicators Analysis: Chi-square tests to compare characteristics respondents in the control group, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t-test, and paired t-test , It was found that BCBSMP is effective in reducing signs and symptoms stress that arises in the caregiver, as well as being able to identify situations that can cause stress, help change the mind negative with one other thing that is positive, time management, improve problem solving (coping) and assertive skills and reduce emotional cognitive and stress symptoms that appear. With the results of the analysis, there is a statistically significant decrease in ZCBS the study group scores were compared with the control group ( P = .006) Before the program, the caregivers’ GHQ scores in the control and study groups were not statistically different. After the program, GHQ scores decreased significantly in the study group compared to control group, and the difference between the mean scores was statistically significant ( P < .001). .. 11 , Coping strategies of caregivers towards aggressive behaviors of persons with severe mental illness ( ) , Desaign: Non experimental descriptive cross-sectional study Subjects: Population: Patients and caregivers for patients with mental disorders; Samples of patients and caregivers for patients with mental disorders according to the inclusion criteria (1) aged 18 years and over; (2) able to read in Malay and exclusion (1) caregiver with a substance use disorder and known to have a physical illness Chronic or psychiatric illness; Sampling technique consecutive sampling; Sample size 270 patients and caregivers Variables: Aggressive behavior and coping strategies Instrument: Modified overt aggression scale (MOAS) to measure aggressive behavior in patients, Revised Ways of Coping scale to assess the coping used Analysis: Pearson correlation was used to test the relationship between aggressive behavior and the coping used , The results of this study indicate that adaptive coping strategies widely used is planned problem solving, seeking support social with a percentage of 40% each and only 4.4% caregiver who use avoidance coping strategies.

    Sampling:

    Article Title: What Benefits Might a Family Expect From Using Spiritual Coping Mechanisms When Providing Care for People With Schizophrenia? Literature Review
    Article Snippet: 8 , The mediating effect of family function and medication adherence between symptoms and mental disability among Chinese patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study ( ) , Design : A cross-sectional naturalistic design Subjects: The population of people with schizophrenia is 562 samples of patients schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) diagnosed with schizophrenia based on (ICD-10); (2) aged between 18 and 60 years; (3) suffered schizophrenia based on an assessment using the Assessment Schedule Disabilities World Health Organization II (WHO-DAS II); (4) those who are recovering based on the routine clinical assessment of a psychiatrist; and (5) patients who voluntarily participated in the study. Patients were excluded if they had other mental illnesses A sample of 499 schizophrenic patients. Sample size: 562 patients with schizophrenia Sampling technique: a cross-sectional naturalistic design Variables: Psychotic symptoms, family function, medication adherence, and disability. Instruments : General Information Data (demographic and clinical information, namely, age, gender, educational status, income status, status marital status, employment status, age of onset, number of previous hospitalizations, psychotic symptoms). PANSS (to assess the patient's positive and negative symptoms, as well as general aspects), WHO-DAS II (to assess disability over a 30-day period), Family APGAR Index (APGAR) (to assess family functioning), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) (to assess patient compliance) Analysis: Descriptive analysis (to draw descriptive data and clinical data), maximum-likelihood, Pearson's correlations, Structural equation modeling, Bootstrapping method , This study illustrates that family function has a positive correlation with medication adherence in patients with mental disorders. The results of the analysis show that the mediating effect of family function and significant medication adherence (Z = 0.314, CI = 0.180–0.598); and direct effect also significant (Z = 2.375, CI = 0.042−0.440). .. 10 , The effect of a brief cognitive behavioural stress management programme on mental status, coping with stress attitude and caregiver burden while caring for schizophrenic patients ( ) , Design: Pretest/post-test control group model Subjects: Population: Family members who care for people with schizophrenia from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2013 Samples of family members who care for people with schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) are over 18 years old; (2) live in the city center; (3) can communicate and cooperative; (4) does not have a disease disorder that can disqualify participation in the study (5) at least takes care of the patient for 3 months; (6) is directly responsible for caring for the patient; (7) is not currently caring for a sick family member other than the patient; (8) agrees to participate; (9) recorded in community health administration; Sampling technique: Sample size was calculated based on PASS (Power Analysis and Sample Size) 11 Statistical Software (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah, USA) using margin of error = 5%, confidence level = 95% and response distribution = 50%, and based on the calculations and found to be 40 respondents from each group (total 80) Variables : Stress, coping, and family burden Instruments: Demographic data (age, gender, marital status, number of children, educational status, length of care, period of illness, frequency of hospitalization), Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale to measure difficult experiences of care givers, Scale of Evaluation of Coping Attitude (COPE) to evaluate the coping used by caregivers when dealing with stress, General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ), Stress Self-Assessment Checklist (SIS) to measure a person's stress indicators Analysis: Chi-square tests to compare characteristics respondents in the control group, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t-test, and paired t-test , It was found that BCBSMP is effective in reducing signs and symptoms stress that arises in the caregiver, as well as being able to identify situations that can cause stress, help change the mind negative with one other thing that is positive, time management, improve problem solving (coping) and assertive skills and reduce emotional cognitive and stress symptoms that appear. With the results of the analysis, there is a statistically significant decrease in ZCBS the study group scores were compared with the control group ( P = .006) Before the program, the caregivers’ GHQ scores in the control and study groups were not statistically different. After the program, GHQ scores decreased significantly in the study group compared to control group, and the difference between the mean scores was statistically significant ( P < .001). .. 11 , Coping strategies of caregivers towards aggressive behaviors of persons with severe mental illness ( ) , Desaign: Non experimental descriptive cross-sectional study Subjects: Population: Patients and caregivers for patients with mental disorders; Samples of patients and caregivers for patients with mental disorders according to the inclusion criteria (1) aged 18 years and over; (2) able to read in Malay and exclusion (1) caregiver with a substance use disorder and known to have a physical illness Chronic or psychiatric illness; Sampling technique consecutive sampling; Sample size 270 patients and caregivers Variables: Aggressive behavior and coping strategies Instrument: Modified overt aggression scale (MOAS) to measure aggressive behavior in patients, Revised Ways of Coping scale to assess the coping used Analysis: Pearson correlation was used to test the relationship between aggressive behavior and the coping used , The results of this study indicate that adaptive coping strategies widely used is planned problem solving, seeking support social with a percentage of 40% each and only 4.4% caregiver who use avoidance coping strategies.

    Mann-Whitney U-Test:

    Article Title: What Benefits Might a Family Expect From Using Spiritual Coping Mechanisms When Providing Care for People With Schizophrenia? Literature Review
    Article Snippet: 8 , The mediating effect of family function and medication adherence between symptoms and mental disability among Chinese patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study ( ) , Design : A cross-sectional naturalistic design Subjects: The population of people with schizophrenia is 562 samples of patients schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) diagnosed with schizophrenia based on (ICD-10); (2) aged between 18 and 60 years; (3) suffered schizophrenia based on an assessment using the Assessment Schedule Disabilities World Health Organization II (WHO-DAS II); (4) those who are recovering based on the routine clinical assessment of a psychiatrist; and (5) patients who voluntarily participated in the study. Patients were excluded if they had other mental illnesses A sample of 499 schizophrenic patients. Sample size: 562 patients with schizophrenia Sampling technique: a cross-sectional naturalistic design Variables: Psychotic symptoms, family function, medication adherence, and disability. Instruments : General Information Data (demographic and clinical information, namely, age, gender, educational status, income status, status marital status, employment status, age of onset, number of previous hospitalizations, psychotic symptoms). PANSS (to assess the patient's positive and negative symptoms, as well as general aspects), WHO-DAS II (to assess disability over a 30-day period), Family APGAR Index (APGAR) (to assess family functioning), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) (to assess patient compliance) Analysis: Descriptive analysis (to draw descriptive data and clinical data), maximum-likelihood, Pearson's correlations, Structural equation modeling, Bootstrapping method , This study illustrates that family function has a positive correlation with medication adherence in patients with mental disorders. The results of the analysis show that the mediating effect of family function and significant medication adherence (Z = 0.314, CI = 0.180–0.598); and direct effect also significant (Z = 2.375, CI = 0.042−0.440). .. 10 , The effect of a brief cognitive behavioural stress management programme on mental status, coping with stress attitude and caregiver burden while caring for schizophrenic patients ( ) , Design: Pretest/post-test control group model Subjects: Population: Family members who care for people with schizophrenia from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2013 Samples of family members who care for people with schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) are over 18 years old; (2) live in the city center; (3) can communicate and cooperative; (4) does not have a disease disorder that can disqualify participation in the study (5) at least takes care of the patient for 3 months; (6) is directly responsible for caring for the patient; (7) is not currently caring for a sick family member other than the patient; (8) agrees to participate; (9) recorded in community health administration; Sampling technique: Sample size was calculated based on PASS (Power Analysis and Sample Size) 11 Statistical Software (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah, USA) using margin of error = 5%, confidence level = 95% and response distribution = 50%, and based on the calculations and found to be 40 respondents from each group (total 80) Variables : Stress, coping, and family burden Instruments: Demographic data (age, gender, marital status, number of children, educational status, length of care, period of illness, frequency of hospitalization), Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale to measure difficult experiences of care givers, Scale of Evaluation of Coping Attitude (COPE) to evaluate the coping used by caregivers when dealing with stress, General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ), Stress Self-Assessment Checklist (SIS) to measure a person's stress indicators Analysis: Chi-square tests to compare characteristics respondents in the control group, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t-test, and paired t-test , It was found that BCBSMP is effective in reducing signs and symptoms stress that arises in the caregiver, as well as being able to identify situations that can cause stress, help change the mind negative with one other thing that is positive, time management, improve problem solving (coping) and assertive skills and reduce emotional cognitive and stress symptoms that appear. With the results of the analysis, there is a statistically significant decrease in ZCBS the study group scores were compared with the control group ( P = .006) Before the program, the caregivers’ GHQ scores in the control and study groups were not statistically different. After the program, GHQ scores decreased significantly in the study group compared to control group, and the difference between the mean scores was statistically significant ( P < .001). .. 11 , Coping strategies of caregivers towards aggressive behaviors of persons with severe mental illness ( ) , Desaign: Non experimental descriptive cross-sectional study Subjects: Population: Patients and caregivers for patients with mental disorders; Samples of patients and caregivers for patients with mental disorders according to the inclusion criteria (1) aged 18 years and over; (2) able to read in Malay and exclusion (1) caregiver with a substance use disorder and known to have a physical illness Chronic or psychiatric illness; Sampling technique consecutive sampling; Sample size 270 patients and caregivers Variables: Aggressive behavior and coping strategies Instrument: Modified overt aggression scale (MOAS) to measure aggressive behavior in patients, Revised Ways of Coping scale to assess the coping used Analysis: Pearson correlation was used to test the relationship between aggressive behavior and the coping used , The results of this study indicate that adaptive coping strategies widely used is planned problem solving, seeking support social with a percentage of 40% each and only 4.4% caregiver who use avoidance coping strategies.

    T-Test:

    Article Title: What Benefits Might a Family Expect From Using Spiritual Coping Mechanisms When Providing Care for People With Schizophrenia? Literature Review
    Article Snippet: 8 , The mediating effect of family function and medication adherence between symptoms and mental disability among Chinese patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study ( ) , Design : A cross-sectional naturalistic design Subjects: The population of people with schizophrenia is 562 samples of patients schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) diagnosed with schizophrenia based on (ICD-10); (2) aged between 18 and 60 years; (3) suffered schizophrenia based on an assessment using the Assessment Schedule Disabilities World Health Organization II (WHO-DAS II); (4) those who are recovering based on the routine clinical assessment of a psychiatrist; and (5) patients who voluntarily participated in the study. Patients were excluded if they had other mental illnesses A sample of 499 schizophrenic patients. Sample size: 562 patients with schizophrenia Sampling technique: a cross-sectional naturalistic design Variables: Psychotic symptoms, family function, medication adherence, and disability. Instruments : General Information Data (demographic and clinical information, namely, age, gender, educational status, income status, status marital status, employment status, age of onset, number of previous hospitalizations, psychotic symptoms). PANSS (to assess the patient's positive and negative symptoms, as well as general aspects), WHO-DAS II (to assess disability over a 30-day period), Family APGAR Index (APGAR) (to assess family functioning), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) (to assess patient compliance) Analysis: Descriptive analysis (to draw descriptive data and clinical data), maximum-likelihood, Pearson's correlations, Structural equation modeling, Bootstrapping method , This study illustrates that family function has a positive correlation with medication adherence in patients with mental disorders. The results of the analysis show that the mediating effect of family function and significant medication adherence (Z = 0.314, CI = 0.180–0.598); and direct effect also significant (Z = 2.375, CI = 0.042−0.440). .. 10 , The effect of a brief cognitive behavioural stress management programme on mental status, coping with stress attitude and caregiver burden while caring for schizophrenic patients ( ) , Design: Pretest/post-test control group model Subjects: Population: Family members who care for people with schizophrenia from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2013 Samples of family members who care for people with schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) are over 18 years old; (2) live in the city center; (3) can communicate and cooperative; (4) does not have a disease disorder that can disqualify participation in the study (5) at least takes care of the patient for 3 months; (6) is directly responsible for caring for the patient; (7) is not currently caring for a sick family member other than the patient; (8) agrees to participate; (9) recorded in community health administration; Sampling technique: Sample size was calculated based on PASS (Power Analysis and Sample Size) 11 Statistical Software (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah, USA) using margin of error = 5%, confidence level = 95% and response distribution = 50%, and based on the calculations and found to be 40 respondents from each group (total 80) Variables : Stress, coping, and family burden Instruments: Demographic data (age, gender, marital status, number of children, educational status, length of care, period of illness, frequency of hospitalization), Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale to measure difficult experiences of care givers, Scale of Evaluation of Coping Attitude (COPE) to evaluate the coping used by caregivers when dealing with stress, General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ), Stress Self-Assessment Checklist (SIS) to measure a person's stress indicators Analysis: Chi-square tests to compare characteristics respondents in the control group, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t-test, and paired t-test , It was found that BCBSMP is effective in reducing signs and symptoms stress that arises in the caregiver, as well as being able to identify situations that can cause stress, help change the mind negative with one other thing that is positive, time management, improve problem solving (coping) and assertive skills and reduce emotional cognitive and stress symptoms that appear. With the results of the analysis, there is a statistically significant decrease in ZCBS the study group scores were compared with the control group ( P = .006) Before the program, the caregivers’ GHQ scores in the control and study groups were not statistically different. After the program, GHQ scores decreased significantly in the study group compared to control group, and the difference between the mean scores was statistically significant ( P < .001). .. 11 , Coping strategies of caregivers towards aggressive behaviors of persons with severe mental illness ( ) , Desaign: Non experimental descriptive cross-sectional study Subjects: Population: Patients and caregivers for patients with mental disorders; Samples of patients and caregivers for patients with mental disorders according to the inclusion criteria (1) aged 18 years and over; (2) able to read in Malay and exclusion (1) caregiver with a substance use disorder and known to have a physical illness Chronic or psychiatric illness; Sampling technique consecutive sampling; Sample size 270 patients and caregivers Variables: Aggressive behavior and coping strategies Instrument: Modified overt aggression scale (MOAS) to measure aggressive behavior in patients, Revised Ways of Coping scale to assess the coping used Analysis: Pearson correlation was used to test the relationship between aggressive behavior and the coping used , The results of this study indicate that adaptive coping strategies widely used is planned problem solving, seeking support social with a percentage of 40% each and only 4.4% caregiver who use avoidance coping strategies.



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    Results of Literature Study.

    Journal: SAGE Open Nursing

    Article Title: What Benefits Might a Family Expect From Using Spiritual Coping Mechanisms When Providing Care for People With Schizophrenia? Literature Review

    doi: 10.1177/23779608231214935

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Results of Literature Study.

    Article Snippet: 10 , The effect of a brief cognitive behavioural stress management programme on mental status, coping with stress attitude and caregiver burden while caring for schizophrenic patients ( ) , Design: Pretest/post-test control group model Subjects: Population: Family members who care for people with schizophrenia from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2013 Samples of family members who care for people with schizophrenia with inclusion criteria (1) are over 18 years old; (2) live in the city center; (3) can communicate and cooperative; (4) does not have a disease disorder that can disqualify participation in the study (5) at least takes care of the patient for 3 months; (6) is directly responsible for caring for the patient; (7) is not currently caring for a sick family member other than the patient; (8) agrees to participate; (9) recorded in community health administration; Sampling technique: Sample size was calculated based on PASS (Power Analysis and Sample Size) 11 Statistical Software (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah, USA) using margin of error = 5%, confidence level = 95% and response distribution = 50%, and based on the calculations and found to be 40 respondents from each group (total 80) Variables : Stress, coping, and family burden Instruments: Demographic data (age, gender, marital status, number of children, educational status, length of care, period of illness, frequency of hospitalization), Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale to measure difficult experiences of care givers, Scale of Evaluation of Coping Attitude (COPE) to evaluate the coping used by caregivers when dealing with stress, General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ), Stress Self-Assessment Checklist (SIS) to measure a person's stress indicators Analysis: Chi-square tests to compare characteristics respondents in the control group, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test, independent sample t-test, and paired t-test , It was found that BCBSMP is effective in reducing signs and symptoms stress that arises in the caregiver, as well as being able to identify situations that can cause stress, help change the mind negative with one other thing that is positive, time management, improve problem solving (coping) and assertive skills and reduce emotional cognitive and stress symptoms that appear. With the results of the analysis, there is a statistically significant decrease in ZCBS the study group scores were compared with the control group ( P = .006) Before the program, the caregivers’ GHQ scores in the control and study groups were not statistically different. After the program, GHQ scores decreased significantly in the study group compared to control group, and the difference between the mean scores was statistically significant ( P < .001).

    Techniques: Control, Synthesized, Sampling, Biomarker Discovery, Functional Assay, Software, Mann-Whitney U-Test, Modification